Improvement of pedestrian safety and comfort at traffic lights : Results from French, British and Dutch field tests Levelt, PBM
Publication details: Leidschendam Stichting Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, 1992; Verkeersveiligheid. SWOV report R-92-56, Description: 83 s. + bilSubject(s): Online resources: Bibl.nr: VTI P1501:92-56Location: Abstract: This report is the summary of an international (French-British-Dutch) evaluation study of new pedestrian crossing facilities, entitled PUSSYCATS. Pedestrian signals consist of a red light (standing man) above a green light (walking man), positioned across the street. Before the green light changes to red, it flashes for a short period. Pedestrians are still permitted to cross while it does so. Red signifies either 'move to the kerb as quickly as possible' if the pedestrian is on the crossing, or otherwise 'do not cross'. In the UK, it is not forbidden to cross on red. Some signals change automatically, while at others, the green light can be called up using a push button control. In this case, the delay may or may not be regulated by the presence of traffic at the crossing. Some crossings at junctions are 'conflict free', while at other crossings, vehicles may still turn off while the pedestrian light is green, but must give way to pedestrians on the crossing. In the UK, the pedestrian green light is always conflict free. PUSSYCATS is a new system, characterized by technical improvements which are better adapted to the behaviour and needs of pedestrians, in particular the needs of vulnerable road users. The pedestrian display has been moved to the near side of the crossing (the Maastricht position), facing the oncoming traffic. A mat detector replaces the push button, with infrared sensors detecting the presence of pedestrians on the crossing. These technical improvements make it possible to show the pedestrian green light for short periods, to cancel unused calls and to adjust the clearance time for slow pedestrians and large groups. The new position of the display could encourage people to look out for traffic, and means that people are less concerned about lights turning red when they are halfway across. The green light can be on for short periods, because it is a start signal only. Calls are cancelled one second after pedestrians have left the mat. The implementation of PUSSYCATS differs from country to country. These differences, and the research questions and design are reported in. Observations and questionnaire surveys took place at four sites, two in the UK, and one each in France and the Netherlands. The British and French observation surveys were 'before-after' surveys. The Dutch survey was an 'after' survey only. Users of the crossing were interviewed, to obtain more information on their understanding of PUSSYCATS. They were asked to compare the old crosssing with the new one, in terms of safety and convenience. Pedestrians were observed. Their crossing and watching behaviour was noted in relation to the different phases, traffic flows and the presence of other pedestrians. Conclusions were drawn about their understanding of PUSSYCATS. Crossing on a red light, head movements, crossing between lines, conflicts and accepted gaps were observed as indicators of dangerous behaviour. Many factors, some clearly related to PUSSYCATS, were found to influence behaviour, either positively or negatively. Waiting times and crossing speeds were noted as indicators of the convenience of the system. An estimate was made of the gain in time, as a measure of the system's efficiency. Vulnerable road users received special attention. The effect of the presence of other people was also determined. Finally, conclusions are drawn about the efficiency, safety and convenience of PUSSYCATS.This report is the summary of an international (French-British-Dutch) evaluation study of new pedestrian crossing facilities, entitled PUSSYCATS. Pedestrian signals consist of a red light (standing man) above a green light (walking man), positioned across the street. Before the green light changes to red, it flashes for a short period. Pedestrians are still permitted to cross while it does so. Red signifies either 'move to the kerb as quickly as possible' if the pedestrian is on the crossing, or otherwise 'do not cross'. In the UK, it is not forbidden to cross on red. Some signals change automatically, while at others, the green light can be called up using a push button control. In this case, the delay may or may not be regulated by the presence of traffic at the crossing. Some crossings at junctions are 'conflict free', while at other crossings, vehicles may still turn off while the pedestrian light is green, but must give way to pedestrians on the crossing. In the UK, the pedestrian green light is always conflict free. PUSSYCATS is a new system, characterized by technical improvements which are better adapted to the behaviour and needs of pedestrians, in particular the needs of vulnerable road users. The pedestrian display has been moved to the near side of the crossing (the Maastricht position), facing the oncoming traffic. A mat detector replaces the push button, with infrared sensors detecting the presence of pedestrians on the crossing. These technical improvements make it possible to show the pedestrian green light for short periods, to cancel unused calls and to adjust the clearance time for slow pedestrians and large groups. The new position of the display could encourage people to look out for traffic, and means that people are less concerned about lights turning red when they are halfway across. The green light can be on for short periods, because it is a start signal only. Calls are cancelled one second after pedestrians have left the mat. The implementation of PUSSYCATS differs from country to country. These differences, and the research questions and design are reported in. Observations and questionnaire surveys took place at four sites, two in the UK, and one each in France and the Netherlands. The British and French observation surveys were 'before-after' surveys. The Dutch survey was an 'after' survey only. Users of the crossing were interviewed, to obtain more information on their understanding of PUSSYCATS. They were asked to compare the old crosssing with the new one, in terms of safety and convenience. Pedestrians were observed. Their crossing and watching behaviour was noted in relation to the different phases, traffic flows and the presence of other pedestrians. Conclusions were drawn about their understanding of PUSSYCATS. Crossing on a red light, head movements, crossing between lines, conflicts and accepted gaps were observed as indicators of dangerous behaviour. Many factors, some clearly related to PUSSYCATS, were found to influence behaviour, either positively or negatively. Waiting times and crossing speeds were noted as indicators of the convenience of the system. An estimate was made of the gain in time, as a measure of the system's efficiency. Vulnerable road users received special attention. The effect of the presence of other people was also determined. Finally, conclusions are drawn about the efficiency, safety and convenience of PUSSYCATS.