Frost shielding protection of a water line, Berlin, New Hampshire Coutermarsh, Barry A
Publication details: Hanover, NH Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory, 1997; CRREL special report 97-1, Description: 15 s, 578 KSubject(s): Online resources: Bibl.nr: VTI P8109:97-01Location: Abstract: This report documents a Fortran version of a chemical thermodynamic model for aqueous electrolyte solutions at subzero temperatures, FREZCHEM2, which is a further development of the FREZCHEM model. The model uses thermodynamic data of Spencer-Møller-Weare that permit the calculation of chemical equilibria in the Na-K-Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4-H2O system between –60 and 25°C at atmospheric pressure. It applies the Gibbs energy minimization method for chemical equilibrium computation combined with Pitzer equations for activity coefficients and water activity calculation. The model includes both the freezing (melting) reaction pathway at fixed water amount and the evaporation (dilution) pathway at fixed temperature. The FREZCHEM2 model can be extended with respect to independent components, electrolyte species, and solids, and if corresponding thermodynamic data are available, the model may be used to compute chemical equilibria in any systems that include aqueous-solution and/or one-component solid phases.This report documents a Fortran version of a chemical thermodynamic model for aqueous electrolyte solutions at subzero temperatures, FREZCHEM2, which is a further development of the FREZCHEM model. The model uses thermodynamic data of Spencer-Møller-Weare that permit the calculation of chemical equilibria in the Na-K-Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4-H2O system between –60 and 25°C at atmospheric pressure. It applies the Gibbs energy minimization method for chemical equilibrium computation combined with Pitzer equations for activity coefficients and water activity calculation. The model includes both the freezing (melting) reaction pathway at fixed water amount and the evaporation (dilution) pathway at fixed temperature. The FREZCHEM2 model can be extended with respect to independent components, electrolyte species, and solids, and if corresponding thermodynamic data are available, the model may be used to compute chemical equilibria in any systems that include aqueous-solution and/or one-component solid phases.