The current study examined whether residents born overseas had higher rates of death and hospital separation due to road crashes than those born in Australia. The study found that overseas born drivers had rates of involvement equal to or safer than Australian born drivers. On the other hand, pedestrians born overseas, especially the elderly, had a higher level of involvement in both fatal and severe crashes. Driving convention rather than language differences was the major factor. Those born in countries where traffic travels on the right hand side of the road were mainly at risk.