A single-lane advanced vehicle-highway concept that can increase driving comfort and highway capacity is proposed. The concept can be implemented in the near future as it uses the adaptive cruise control ( ACC) technology on vehicles and the intelligent ramp metering technologies on the roadway. A simulation-based performance evaluation of single-lane ACC systems under different traffic conditions is presented. The results indicate that drivers can fully use ACC systems even in stop-and-go-traffic, thereby reducing driving stress. It is also shown that ACC-equipped vehicles can maintain a desired intervehicle gap of 1 s under different traffic conditions while attenuating traffic disturbances, thereby resulting in a traffic flow of up to 3,000 vehicles per hour per lane with properly designed intelligent ramp metering at entrances to such a highway.