The total methodological design of interrelated surveys to provide data for analysis, understanding, and modeling of household and personal activity, time use, and travel behavior is addressed. Evolving trends in models in response to current and emerging planning and policy issues are discussed to set the stage for developing data collection needs. Survey design issues are discussed, and the needs for the cross-sectional, single-day household survey of revealed behavior (revealed preference) are discussed in the context of the availability of other, often more appropriate, methods, namely stated preference/stated choice experiments and multiday, panel surveys. Sampling and sample design are discussed, first with regard to a single-day survey, then as affected by multiday design and the economies and other benefits introduced by the use of stated preference surveys and longitudinal panels. A brief description of recent and ongoing surveys in the United States is given.