This research project focuses on motor carrier (large truck and bus) fleet safety management: the problems fleet managers confront and the methods that are available to address these problems. Based on the knowledge and experience of the authors, a literature review, discussions and interviews with experts, and suggestions from the TRB synthesis panel, 20 discrete safety problems and 28 safety management methods were identified. Problems addressed encompass driver-safety knowledge, skills, driving behaviors, alertness, physical/medical condition, and attitudes. In addition, several vehicle-related problem areas, such as vehicle maintenance and inspection, were considered. Major safety management approaches addressed include those relating to driver recruiting, selection, carrier-based training, management-driver communications, driver safety-performance evaluation, safety incentives, behavior-based safety (BBS), on-board safety monitoring (OBSM), event-data recorders, accident investigation, improved driver scheduling and dispatching, fatigue management, carrier-based medical programs, preventive maintenance and vehicle inspection, advanced safety technologies, and industry-based safety standards and certification.