Pedestrians comprise about one in every seven fatalities on Australian roads. Figure 1 shows that of 1,444 pedestrian fatalities throughout Australia between 1998 and 2002, 553 (38 per cent) were males aged 15 to 54 and 449 (31 per cent) were males and females aged 65+. Each of these contributions was well above what would be expected on the basis of population share. As a result, this monograph focuses on fatalities among male pedestrians aged between 15 and 54 years and not the much smaller number of female fatalities. This monograph is intended to complement ATSB Monograph 13, which provides an overview of fatalities among elderly pedestrians. Information extracted from the ATSB’s holdings of coronial documentation is summarised here for male pedestrians aged 15 to 54 involved in fatal collisions between 1997 and 1999 (the latest years for which detailed ATSB fatal road crash information is available). These collisions occurred mostly between the hours of 6 pm and 6 am, particularly at the end of the working week and on weekends (see Fig. 2), and were attributable to alcohol or other drugs in about two of every three instances. Toxicology results for the deceased male pedestrians indicated a predominance of alcohol intoxication and the frequent presence of cannabinoids. Seventy per cent of the male pedestrians had a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) that would have made them ineligible to be in control of a motor vehicle. Of even greater concern is the extreme nature of these BACs. Five of every six alcohol-affected pedestrians had a BAC of 0.15 gm/100ml or greater (see Fig. 3). Heavy intoxication is reflected in the manner in which many of the pedestrians came into collision with a vehicle. About one in every three of the pedestrians had been struck while simply standing or lying on the road. About one in every four pedestrians had been struck by the wheel or undercarriage of a vehicle. Although the majority of fatal collisions occurred within cities and towns, the incidence of collisions out of town was much greater than would be expected on the basis of the population of those areas.