This resource paper begins with a quote from the abstract of a previous paper on the topic of water quality and hydrology: "Water will continue to play a crucial role in transportation system development, albeit a sometimes-adversarial role as our current constructed urban, highway, waterway, air transport, and rail transportation environments increasingly compete with our natural environment. However, a new holistic paradigm is developing with respect to the role of systems and the environment in the new millennium. Revolving around water as a common theme, this paradigm will encompass the fundamentally related areas of hydrology, hydraulics and geomorphology, and water quality towards a goal of ecologically sustainable transportation." ("The Role of Water in Ecologically Sustainable Transportation" by J.J. Sansalone, In "Transportation in the New Millennium", TRB, 2000). This quote is followed by a discussion of research needs covering the following: receiving system focus for a research needs assessment; needs in physical analysis and assessments; needs in chemical analysis and assessments; needs in biological and ecological analysis and assessments; watershed integration; and criteria and standards.