Winter road-maintenance practitioners have expressed a strong interest in obtaining weather and road-condition forecasts and treatment recommendations specific to winter road-maintenance routes. These user needs led the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Office of Transportation Operations Road Weather Management Program to support the development of a prototype winter road-maintenance decision-support system (MDSS). The MDSS is a unique data-fusion system designed to provide real-time treatment guidance (e.g., treatment times, types, rates, and locations) specifically regarding winter road-maintenance routes to winter maintenance decision makers. The system integrates weather and road data, weather and road-condition model output, chemical concentration algorithms, and anti-icing and deicing rules of practice. FHWA began the multiyear project in 2001 by engaging several national laboratories that had expertise in weather prediction and winter road engineering. A user-needs assessment for surface transportation weather information, performed by FHWA in 2000, formed the basis for the development effort. FHWA required that the system be developed in an open environment with significant input from the stakeholders (state transportation personnel and private-sector meteorological services). The resulting technologies have been released (in an initial version) on a nonexclusive basis to the surface transportation community. It is anticipated that the prototype MDSS will provide a springboard for the development and rapid deployment of operational systems by the private sector.