Överlaster i lastbilstrafiken Nordström, Rolf ; Hermansson, Emma ; Svedin, Martin
Publication details: Stockholm TFK - Institutet för transportforskning, 2004; TFK rapport 2004:9, Description: 37 sISBN:- 9188752771
Current library | Call number | Status | Date due | Barcode | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut | Available |
Overload in the heavy vehicle traffic is frequent and many actors have an expressed will to solve this problem. The over weights cause increased tear of the roads and bridges and brings about disloyal competition. The increased weight gives enlarged vehicle tear, which seriously can affect the driving ability. Overloads occur when the vehicle gross weight is too large or by too high axel pressure from one or more axels. From the society’s and the transport industry’s view too high vehicle gross weight means disloyal commercial conditions and unacceptable tear of the road plane. Too high axel pressure will damage the roads but will seldom influence the commercial conditions. Unlawful high axel pressure is usually caused by incorrect weight distribution when it is difficult to determine the centre of gravity of the load along the vehicle. Overload therefore can be an effect of to high pressure from single axels or from groups of axels if the load is incorrect positioned even if the total vehicle weight is acceptable. The specific weight of many types of goods will increase by moisture. This happens for instance with round timber, sawn timber and garbage. Weight information for packed goods can usually be found in freight documents and on labels. By summarizing the package weights in such cases overload can be avoided. Such a summarizing of package weights is preferably made centrally during transport planning. Unlawful axel weights are avoided by even distribution of the load weight or by sufficient weight margins. Also more or less “soft” measures such as education, policy-making and changed systems for paying of the transport services can be taken to avoid and reduce the occurrence of overloads. Based on various parties’ interest in weighing and weighing systems and possible measures to avoid unlawful axel pressure and overload in different transports some proposals and examples are described. During year 2002 the National Swedish Road Administration performed investigations in different places in Sweden to establish a better assessment of the occurrence and quantity of overloads for different transports and traffic and the results are concluded in the report. Additional practical investigations have been possible by data from four scale installations for different goods made available by Vågagenturen Wånelid AB and this material is analysed and described in the report. Accurate data of overloads (> 60 tonnes) are 2 –3 % for gravel, wood chips and garbage but near 25 % for mixed cargo in harbour traffic. Overloads also exists in the lower weight classes but can only be identified if the vehicle type for each registering is known. The diagrams in the report will make it possible for those who are familiar with the vehicle types used in different industry operations to make an opinion about the extent of overloads. In order to make the picture more complete data was also collected from a large goods terminal in Stockholm. This was made through installation of a scale at the entrance of the terminal and the results from about one month survey are also included. Conclusion from the practical tests is that overloads are found in most heavy vehicle transports. The existence is evident among transports of gods with moderate value and of bulk character such as timber logs, gravel, wood chips and garbage but data from the “city”- and terminal scales show that overloads in large numbers are found in mixed transports of industry products and general cargo. Beside the damage to roads, bridges and vehicles overloads imply disloyal competition with companies, which adapt to lawful weights. This way prices for transports can be pressed down to a level, which leads to bankruptcies in the branch. It will also lead to impaired traffic safety in goods traffic in general.