The EU institutions, together with the member states, play an important role for the transport infrastructure development, not the least by the use of funds and loans. In this report the policies of the European Regional Development Fund, Cohesion Fund, and other financing institutions have been investigated. A section of the report contains some recent cases. The integration of environmental concerns in planning has been a key concern for the present study. The environmental adaptation of transport infrastructure may be improved, argues the report, not the least by development and the general employment of strategic environmental impact assessments, and taking due account to development challenges in central and eastern Europe. The work was carried out by Inregia AB in Sweden, for the Swedish Euro-EST project.The Swedish Euro-EST project is a joint project involving national transport and environment authorities and has the objective of promoting a sustainable transport system in Europe.