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The effectiveness of different de-icing salts Goetzfried, Franz ; Badelt, Horst

By: Contributor(s): Language: English Language: French Series: ; topicVI-144Publication details: XIth international winter road congress 2002, Sapporo [Japan] / XIe congres international de la viabilite hivernale 2002, Sapporo [Japon]. Paper, 2002Description: 10 sSubject(s): Bibl.nr: VTI 2002.0071Location: Abstract: A certain quantity of de-icing salt is required for clearing the roadway depending on the quantity of ice or snow. Due to lack of knowledge only very inaccurate recommendations regarding the quantity to be used are available for winter maintenance personnel. The application density depends on the following primary influences which, on the other hand, interact extensively with one another: (1) Ice or snow present; (2) Location and structure of roadway; (3) Meteorological influences; (4) Traffic; (5) Spreading technique; and (6) Quality of the de-icing salts. The Federal Highway Research Institute has determined the de-icing capacity of the following deicing salts in laboratory tests using the Inzell ice slab procedure for evaluation of the effect of the deicing salt quality: (1) Sodium chloride in various grain sizes; (2) Calcium chloride; and (3) Solutions of sodium, calcium and magnesium chloride. In each case 4 g of solid de-icing salt or 4 g of dissolved de-icing salt as a 20 per cent solution were applied to an ice slab with dimensions of 24x18x3 cm. The melted quantity of ice and the de-icing salt were removed from the ice slab by means of centrifugal force following the specified effective periods at various temperatures and humidities. The de-icing capacity was defined as the difference in the ice slab weight previously and subsequently. The results showed, among other things, the following properties of the various substances: (1) For all substances, the de-icing capacity is reduced as the temperature decreases. In comparison to minus 2 degrees centigrade, the de-icing capacity is reduced to approx. 20 to 25 per cent at minus 15 degrees centigrade; (2) Coarse sodium chloride (grain size larger than 2.5-3.15 mm) reacts significantly slower than fine grain sodium chloride (grain size less than 2 mm); (2) Fine sodium chloride (grain size 0.8-1.0 mm) is not less effective than standard commercial calcium chlorides for winter maintenance even at minus 15 degrees centigrade; (3) The atmospheric humidity affects the results only to a very limited extent; and (4) Although prewetted sodium chloride achieves lower de-icing capacities than dry sodium chloride in the laboratory, it is still more effective due to the significantly better distribution on the roadway and reduced losses resulting from drifting as well as being thrown to the side.
Item type: Reports, conferences, monographs
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A certain quantity of de-icing salt is required for clearing the roadway depending on the quantity of ice or snow. Due to lack of knowledge only very inaccurate recommendations regarding the quantity to be used are available for winter maintenance personnel. The application density depends on the following primary influences which, on the other hand, interact extensively with one another: (1) Ice or snow present; (2) Location and structure of roadway; (3) Meteorological influences; (4) Traffic; (5) Spreading technique; and (6) Quality of the de-icing salts. The Federal Highway Research Institute has determined the de-icing capacity of the following deicing salts in laboratory tests using the Inzell ice slab procedure for evaluation of the effect of the deicing salt quality: (1) Sodium chloride in various grain sizes; (2) Calcium chloride; and (3) Solutions of sodium, calcium and magnesium chloride. In each case 4 g of solid de-icing salt or 4 g of dissolved de-icing salt as a 20 per cent solution were applied to an ice slab with dimensions of 24x18x3 cm. The melted quantity of ice and the de-icing salt were removed from the ice slab by means of centrifugal force following the specified effective periods at various temperatures and humidities. The de-icing capacity was defined as the difference in the ice slab weight previously and subsequently. The results showed, among other things, the following properties of the various substances: (1) For all substances, the de-icing capacity is reduced as the temperature decreases. In comparison to minus 2 degrees centigrade, the de-icing capacity is reduced to approx. 20 to 25 per cent at minus 15 degrees centigrade; (2) Coarse sodium chloride (grain size larger than 2.5-3.15 mm) reacts significantly slower than fine grain sodium chloride (grain size less than 2 mm); (2) Fine sodium chloride (grain size 0.8-1.0 mm) is not less effective than standard commercial calcium chlorides for winter maintenance even at minus 15 degrees centigrade; (3) The atmospheric humidity affects the results only to a very limited extent; and (4) Although prewetted sodium chloride achieves lower de-icing capacities than dry sodium chloride in the laboratory, it is still more effective due to the significantly better distribution on the roadway and reduced losses resulting from drifting as well as being thrown to the side.

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