The main roads in urban areas are the places of great traffic importance and, in the same time, of concentration of serious problems. Their difficulties mostly arise from obsolete design that results out mostly of application of the old Project Standard CSN 73 6110 as well as traffic policy of the past. Our proposal of the methodology, named TP 145 and created in co-operation of Transport Research Centre and Ministry of Transport of the Czech Republic, brings fresh approaches to designing main roads in urban areas. It considers various functions and activities occurring on the road, with particular view to pedestrians and cyclist. To this purpose, it defined large number of new project elements, specified possibilities if their use, and presented several successful examples from abroad. The methodology should support the new ways of thinking in designing main urban roads and traffic calming. Implementation of modern European trends in traffic policy (i.e. avoiding discrimination of vulnerable road users, and taking into account also the needs and interests of inhabitants) is necessary.