Diss. Stockholm : Kungliga tekniska högskolan. Institutionen för byggvetenskap, 2007

Knowledge of what action that is needed to drive innovation at a desired speed is in demand in civil engineering and its related maintenance. 1. What measures to stimulate innovation have been tested? 2. How much innovation has been achieved by contracting? 3. How much innovation was achieved by performance-based specifications? 4. How can cost models contribute to innovation? Methods include qualitative and quantitative methods that have been timed and mixed to optimize their merits. Sweden, France, USA and Canada have used as research ground. Technology transfer, multi-criteria evaluation, variant bidding, idea mailbox, weatherregulated payment, contests and earmarked funds for innovative projects were some of the method beside and within contracting and performance-based specifications that have been tested.