Safety Performance Indicators, SPIs, are measurements of factors causally related to crashes or injuries. SPIs for seven risk factors have been developed within the SafetyNet project. This paper describes the SPIs for alcohol and drug impairment, and presents preliminary results. The results of the SafetyNet SPI for alcohol are compared with the results for an ETSC (European Transport Safety Council) alcohol SPI. The Czech Republic and Austria have low percentages of fatalities resulting from accidents involving an alcohol impaired driver. The question whether these results reflect the real situation or are due to methodological problems, is discussed. France, Estonia, Sweden and Finland have high SPI results. Possible definition and data collection problems have to be solved before firm conclusions can be drawn, but the preliminary results show that SPIs can be useful tools for road safety authorities and politicians, calling attention to the need for countermeasures and the need for more knowledge.