It has been argued that dynamic traffic loading due to the presence of a nonflat pavement shape may result in accelerated deterioration of the pavement because of higher stresses in the slab from restrained curling-warping movement. Slab curvature, though imperceptible to the naked eye, usually develops on the riding surfaces of the individual slab segments after construction. Select case studies on high- and low-altitude Bolivian concrete highways illustrate the magnitude of curvatures that are generated. The Butterworth high-pass and spectral density analysis tools in the ProVAL software are used to identify the pavement slab curvature in these projects. A mechanistic analysis is used to ascertain the causes of the observed longitudinal cracking. By resorting to a newly developed curvature index, the second-generation curvature index, the equivalent temperature gradient that corresponds to the fitted curvature was included in a finite element method analysis to determine stresses in the slabs. It is concluded that the curved shape of the slabs resulting from permanent curling-warping coupled with traffic loading is inducing excessive stresses and causing the observed cracking distress in one of the evaluated highways.