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Respiratory tract deposition of diesel engine exhaust particles : comparison between healthy subjects and subjects with COPD Bengtsson, Agneta

By: Publication details: Lund Lunds universitet. Fysiska institutionen, Avd. för Kärnfysik, 2008Description: 88 sOther title:
Subject(s): Online resources: Dissertation note: Licentiatavhandling Lund : Lunds universitet. Fysiska institutionen, Avd. för Kärnfysik, 2008 Abstract: Numerous epidemiological studies have shown a correlation between increased morbidity and mortality rates and aerosol mass concentrations. Studies also show that the most harmful particles might be found in the ultrafine size range, as they exist in very high number concentrations. The deposited fraction and dose has also shown great variability between different individuals and aerosols. It is therefore important to investigate the deposited fraction and dose for different kinds of aerosols, breathing patterns, shapes of the lung, etc. to be able to find the factors that affect the deposition of aerosol particles. In this study the deposited fraction and dose of diesel exhaust particles are measured in both healthy lungs and lungs with COPD. The size-resolved deposited fraction and deposited dose of diesel engine exhaust particles were measured with the RESPI instrument (Löndahl et al. 2006). The measurements were done on 10 healthy subjects (5m/5f) and 10 subjects (7m/3f) with varying degree of COPD. One healthy male was excluded from the study as his breathing was far from normal relaxed breathing. The deposited fraction was measured for two different aerosols; one during idling engine conditions and one during transient load conditions according to the urban driving. The deposited fraction according to the International Comission for Radiological Protection model (ICRP, 1995) was calculated for each subject and compared to the measured values. The deposited dose was calculated for one hour exposure to 100 ?g/m3 for both aerosols. The study showed a statistically significant difference in deposited fraction between the groups. For both studied driving conditions, the deposited fraction is lower for the subjects with COPD compared to the healthy subjects, but the deposited dose is higher. The higher deposited dose for the subjects with COPD is expected as they breathe with a higher minute volume than the healthy subjects. When comparing the measured size-resolved deposited fractions with those of the ICRP model, the measured deposition for the healthy group agrees well with the ICRP model but as in earlier studies with RESPI it shows a higher deposition.
Item type: Licentiate thesis
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Licentiatavhandling Lund : Lunds universitet. Fysiska institutionen, Avd. för Kärnfysik, 2008

Numerous epidemiological studies have shown a correlation between increased morbidity and mortality rates and aerosol mass concentrations. Studies also show that the most harmful particles might be found in the ultrafine size range, as they exist in very high number concentrations. The deposited fraction and dose has also shown great variability between different individuals and aerosols. It is therefore important to investigate the deposited fraction and dose for different kinds of aerosols, breathing patterns, shapes of the lung, etc. to be able to find the factors that affect the deposition of aerosol particles. In this study the deposited fraction and dose of diesel exhaust particles are measured in both healthy lungs and lungs with COPD. The size-resolved deposited fraction and deposited dose of diesel engine exhaust particles were measured with the RESPI instrument (Löndahl et al. 2006). The measurements were done on 10 healthy subjects (5m/5f) and 10 subjects (7m/3f) with varying degree of COPD. One healthy male was excluded from the study as his breathing was far from normal relaxed breathing. The deposited fraction was measured for two different aerosols; one during idling engine conditions and one during transient load conditions according to the urban driving. The deposited fraction according to the International Comission for Radiological Protection model (ICRP, 1995) was calculated for each subject and compared to the measured values. The deposited dose was calculated for one hour exposure to 100 ?g/m3 for both aerosols. The study showed a statistically significant difference in deposited fraction between the groups. For both studied driving conditions, the deposited fraction is lower for the subjects with COPD compared to the healthy subjects, but the deposited dose is higher. The higher deposited dose for the subjects with COPD is expected as they breathe with a higher minute volume than the healthy subjects. When comparing the measured size-resolved deposited fractions with those of the ICRP model, the measured deposition for the healthy group agrees well with the ICRP model but as in earlier studies with RESPI it shows a higher deposition.