This Thematic Research Summary on urban transport aims to provide the reader with a synthesis of results of completed European research projects related to that theme. It consists of two main parts. The first part includes a brief overview of the scope of the theme and summarises the main policy developments at EU level relevant to the theme. The second part contains a synthesis of the main findings and policy implications from research projects and identifies the implications for further research. The research projects for which the synthesis is provided are European EU-funded projects that are completed and with results publicly available. The EU projects have been funded by the Fifth and the Sixth Framework Programmes. Also a few national projects are reported on. Projects that had been reviewed in the related paper produced within the predecessor project EXTRaWeb are only briefly summarised in the background section for each sub-theme. Urban Transport is concerned with passenger and freight transport internal to built-up areas, and those trips having at least one end in an urban area. Typically wholly urban trips are no longer than 15 km. The main elements of urban transport are motorised private traffic, public transport, non-motorised transport, service vehicle traffic, last-mile freight traffic.