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Analysis of power balancing with fuel cells and hydrogen production plants in Denmark. Project report

By: Publication details: Aalborg Aalborg universitet. Institut for samfundsutvikling og planlaegning. Forskningsgruppen for energiplanlaegning. Energinet, 2009Description: 115 sSubject(s): Online resources: Abstract: In the past few years electric vehicles and other electric storage devices ability to hybridize the electric grid have gained increasing interest. Electric vehicles and their ability to hybridize the electric grid are especially interesting in a Danish context for two reasons. There is limited storage capacity in the Danish electric grid and it is therefore expensive to hybridize (balance power and energy supply and usage) in the Danish electric grid. An increasing use of fluctuating renewable energy, especially in the form of electricity from wind power, will make it more and more difficult and expensive to hybridise the Danish electricity grid. On top of this electric vehicles are getting closer and closer to the market because of better electric drive trains, better batteries, better fuel cells etc. Furthermore it has become evident that CO2 reduction targets cannot be met by internal combustion driven vehicles. Finally most likely there will be a drop in worldwide oil supply within a timeframe of 5 - 20 years. Analyses within the possibility to use electric vehicles to hybridise the electric grid have primarily been conducted on battery electric vehicles. There are however other ways to supply electric vehicles with electricity than to use batteries. One such candidate is to use electricity from hydrogen powered fuel cells. Since hydrogen production and the use of it in fuel cells have other capabilities and characteristics than the use of electricity from batteries on a number of points, one have to conduct new analysis's when it comes to the hybridization of the electric grid. Given the CO2 reduction challenges the world face it is assumed that a prerequisite for vehicles of the future is that they are low CO2 emitters. The purpose of this report is therefore to analyse how future hydrogen production and hydrogen use in stationary fuel cells as well as fuel cells in vehicles can help balance power and energy in a future electric grid with high shares of fluctuating renewable energy.
Item type: Reports, conferences, monographs
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In the past few years electric vehicles and other electric storage devices ability to hybridize the electric grid have gained increasing interest. Electric vehicles and their ability to hybridize the electric grid are especially interesting in a Danish context for two reasons. There is limited storage capacity in the Danish electric grid and it is therefore expensive to hybridize (balance power and energy supply and usage) in the Danish electric grid. An increasing use of fluctuating renewable energy, especially in the form of electricity from wind power, will make it more and more difficult and expensive to hybridise the Danish electricity grid. On top of this electric vehicles are getting closer and closer to the market because of better electric drive trains, better batteries, better fuel cells etc. Furthermore it has become evident that CO2 reduction targets cannot be met by internal combustion driven vehicles. Finally most likely there will be a drop in worldwide oil supply within a timeframe of 5 - 20 years. Analyses within the possibility to use electric vehicles to hybridise the electric grid have primarily been conducted on battery electric vehicles. There are however other ways to supply electric vehicles with electricity than to use batteries. One such candidate is to use electricity from hydrogen powered fuel cells. Since hydrogen production and the use of it in fuel cells have other capabilities and characteristics than the use of electricity from batteries on a number of points, one have to conduct new analysis's when it comes to the hybridization of the electric grid. Given the CO2 reduction challenges the world face it is assumed that a prerequisite for vehicles of the future is that they are low CO2 emitters. The purpose of this report is therefore to analyse how future hydrogen production and hydrogen use in stationary fuel cells as well as fuel cells in vehicles can help balance power and energy in a future electric grid with high shares of fluctuating renewable energy.