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Construction of a fixed link across Fehmarnbelt : preliminary risk assessment on birds

By: Publication details: Köpenhamn Danish Ministry of Transport and Energy. German Federal Ministry of Transport. Building and Housing, 2005Description: 85 sSubject(s): Online resources: Abstract: In this report surveys and literature on bird occurrences, which could potentially be affected by the construction and operation of a fixed link across Fehmarnbelt, have been compiled. Both the Danish and German part of Fehmarnbelt hold several breeding, moulting, staging and wintering waterbird species, which occur in internationally, nationally and regionally important numbers. In addition, the entire Fehmarnbelt is placed on a main migration route of mainly waterbirds, raptors and passerines. Denmark and Germany have obligations to protect these species according to international conventions, the Wild Birds Directive and national red lists. A cable-stayed bridge with two connecting low bridges or an immersed tunnel could be feasible solutions for a fixed link. In a preliminary risk assessment these two alternatives are considered in the report. An immersed tunnel will not be associated with collision risk for birds, whereas collisions with the super-structures are expected to occur as a permanent effect of a cable-stayed bridge. The annual migrations during spring and autumn are predicted to be the most prominent source of collisions both in the Danish and German parts of Fehmarnbelt, although local movements between foraging areas and/or roosting sites must also be considered in a future Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The experience from different kinds of man-made structures in coastal and offshore environments suggests that mainly passerines suffer from collisions although these may also involve waterbirds and raptors. Although birds are likely to show avoidance responses as they approach a structure, periods of poor visibility (at night and in foggy conditions) could in particular constitute situations of enhanced collision risk.
Item type: Reports, conferences, monographs
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In this report surveys and literature on bird occurrences, which could potentially be affected by the construction and operation of a fixed link across Fehmarnbelt, have been compiled. Both the Danish and German part of Fehmarnbelt hold several breeding, moulting, staging and wintering waterbird species, which occur in internationally, nationally and regionally important numbers. In addition, the entire Fehmarnbelt is placed on a main migration route of mainly waterbirds, raptors and passerines. Denmark and Germany have obligations to protect these species according to international conventions, the Wild Birds Directive and national red lists. A cable-stayed bridge with two connecting low bridges or an immersed tunnel could be feasible solutions for a fixed link. In a preliminary risk assessment these two alternatives are considered in the report. An immersed tunnel will not be associated with collision risk for birds, whereas collisions with the super-structures are expected to occur as a permanent effect of a cable-stayed bridge. The annual migrations during spring and autumn are predicted to be the most prominent source of collisions both in the Danish and German parts of Fehmarnbelt, although local movements between foraging areas and/or roosting sites must also be considered in a future Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The experience from different kinds of man-made structures in coastal and offshore environments suggests that mainly passerines suffer from collisions although these may also involve waterbirds and raptors. Although birds are likely to show avoidance responses as they approach a structure, periods of poor visibility (at night and in foggy conditions) could in particular constitute situations of enhanced collision risk.