What impact has globalisation had on transport? And what have been the consequences for the environment? This book analyses these issues in detail. It is based on a series of papers prepared for an OECD/ITF Global Forum on Transport and Environment in a Globalising World, held in Guadalajara, Mexico, 10-12 November 2008 (see www.oecd.org/env/transport/GFSD). The original papers have been updated and edited, primarily in order to avoid overlap from chapter to chapter, and have been brought together in this volume to provide policy makers with a comprehensive overview of the interactions between globalisation, transport and the environment. This book looks in detail at how globalisation has affected activity levels in maritime shipping, aviation, and road and rail freight, and assesses the impact that changes in activity levels have had on the environment. The book also discusses policy instruments that can be used to address negative environmental impacts, both from an economic perspective and from the point of view of international law.