An efficient freight transportation sector is a necessary component of a modern growth-oriented society. But today’s freight transportation accounts for significant emissions of carbon dioxide, the major greenhouse gas. Mitigating climate impact from the transportation sector is a serious challenge, not least because this sector is so highly dependent on fossil fuels. Since the beginning of the 1990’s, a number of measures have been implemented, but in order to make possible a transition to carbon neutral transportation, additional major initiatives are required.