This study examines the development of trade between the EU and Russia as well as between the EU and Asia, main transport connections and their development outlook, current and future transport volumes and the position of Finland. Transport volumes are affected by the growth of trade between the EU and Russia, which depends on the political development and economic growth of these areas as well as the development of other economic areas in the world. The position of the route through Finland is strengthened by, for example, the growth of trade in valuable goods and increase of unit load transport. These types of goods demand good level of logistics services and they are not sensitive to cost differences between routes. In the long run, the possible WTO-membership of Russia and the strong growth of Russian trade can maintain the significant position of Russian transit traffic volumes. In addition to Finland, primarily the Baltic countries also compete on these volumes. The important factors of competition in Finland in the future will include the level of logistics and infrastructure, value added services and environmental aspects. The Germany-Poland-route has a great potential as a direct ground transport connection between Russia and the central areas of the EU. Investments on the infrastructure of the route will promote its competitiveness. Belorussia will remain the bottleneck of the route also in the long run. The subject of study in freight transport between the EU and Asia was the Trans-Siberian railway, which has a connection to routes between the EU and Russia. The considerable growth of population, economy and production in Asia during the next 20 years will promote trade between the EU and Asia. The share of valuable unitized cargo will grow which will increase the demand for rapid container transport. In Europe, the capacity and operability of the Trans-Siberian railway is at its best on the rail section north of Moscow. Thus, the route through Finland has good possibilities of acting as the logistics centre of the extension of this railway.