This report presents comparative results on the effects of road traffic and railway noise based on empirical socio-acoustic field studies. The main purpose of the studies was to generate knowledge about how noise from road traffic and railway can be compared and if noise from railway is perceived as less annoying than noise from road traffic (i.e., whether there is a support for utilizing a railway bonus). Such knowledge base is important in order to plan noise abatement measures in existing situations and to assist in the planning of new railway lines. The investigations were carried out using postal questionnaires containing questions on experiences of the living environment, health, well-being and annoyance, as well as other impacts of road traffic and railway noise. The investigations were carried out in two residential areas with railway traffic (Töreboda and Falköping), which are located along the "Västra Stambanan" and in two residential areas located near major motorways in Borås and Kungälv. The investigations were carried out during April-May 2007 and included a total of 974 people. Exposure to noise (LAeq,24h,Lden, Lnight and LAFmax) from road and railway traffic was calculated for all participants and stated as free field values at the most exposed side of the façade. The distance between the home and the major road and the railway was also determined.