In order to mitigate global climate change, anthropogenic emissions of fossil carbon dioxide (CO2) need to be cut drastically. Road transport is a major source of CO2 emissions, and in urban areas road transport also involves problems such as congestion, noise and particle emissions. Stockholm, the Swedish capital and one of the busiest regions in Sweden, has the ambition to be a pioneer in addressing environmental problems; CO2 emissions in particular. One of the political visions incorporated in Stockholm’s environmental work is to achieve a practically renewable transport system by 2030. This study investigates if there are favourable conditions to achieve a renewable road transport system in Stockholm by 2030. Three aspects are considered; technology, private economy and regional planning policy. The study is based on three sub-studies, one for each aspect, and conclusions are drawn from the integration of the sub-studies. A scenario assessment implies that the technology to transit to a completely renewable road transport system could exist, and that a mix of technologies would be preferable. Cost optimisations show that renewable fuels and electric vehicles are cost-competitive given certain incentives. Hence, private persons could shift their transportation choices towards alternative vehicles and fuels. Interviews with regional institutional actors and analysis of regional planning documents reveal that integrating energy and transport systems in planning policy could enable the transition to a renewable road transport system in Stockholm. The work has been carried out under the auspices of The Energy Systems Programme (primarily financed by The Swedish Energy Agency). The study concludes that favourable conditions for a renewable road transport system do exist. However, the main challenge is to coordinate the simultaneous implementation of necessary measures and the study shows that this is best organised at a regional level.