Impact of zero emission heavy-duty transport on the energy system
Series: IFE/E ; 2021/002Publication details: Kjeller : Institutt for energiteknikk. IFE, 2022Description: 52 sISBN:- 9788270179350
The ITEM project has analyzed policies and measures suited to reach Norwegian political targets regarding carbon neutrality and GHG abatement in the transport sector. The project has applied a two-pronged strategy consisting of in (i) an in-depth analysis of the two most important transport corridors in Norway: Oslo-Bergen and Oslo-Trondheim, and (ii) a hybrid modeling framework integrating energy system models with improved vehicle, travel and freight demand models, to provide enhanced policy support tools. The ITEM project study the energy use of heavy transport by use of several models. The main ones are a transport demand model (NGM, operated by TØI), a fleet-stock model (BIG, operated by TØI), a national energy system model (IFE-TIMES-Norway, operated by IFE) and local energy system models of energy stations (operated by IFE). At the local scale, we have modelled energy stations connected to the distribution grid, to study the size of different energy stations depending on future transport demand. By modelling at local level, e.g., a single energy station, both an hourly time resolution can be used as well as a component modelling of the energy station. Insights from this detailed modelling is transferred to the national energy system model. The interaction between the national and the local energy system model provides the national energy system model with more detailed insights, and thereby improve the national energy system model. In the transport corridors (local scale) we have analysed three localisations (Hanestad, Otta and Gol) for charging and refuelling in two scenarios which both have an increasing share of ZE trucks, increasing to 100% in 2050. One scenario uses both hydrogen and battery electric trucks, and scenario one where only battery electric trucks are used.