The Kennedy tunnel is a combined road and rail tunnel that runs under the river Scheldt near the city of Antwerp. It is one of the busiest rail links in Belgium and an integral part of the rail network that connects the two major Belgian cities, Antwerp and Ghent. In 2009, a study was commissioned by the Belgian railways to study the preventive measures for the Antwerp Kennedy Connection as part of a broader Business Continuity Strategy. On this basis, a list of investment measures to be taken was proposed in 2009-2010. For the Kennedy rail tunnel several technical measures to be implemented with regards to fire safety were determined and included the installation of a completely new ventilation and evacuation system as well as a complete overhaul of all tunnel technical installations. In 2020 the renovation of the tunnel started and with most of the installations complete final acceptance tests are set to take place in 2023.