Transforming transport is a key energy challenge in the Nordic region to achieve the ambitious climate targets set by the Nordic governments. The Nordic stakeholders generally need a better understanding of how transport and energy systems interact with each other. The overall goal of the assessment made by IVL in this project is to contribute to increased knowledge and understanding of the environmental effects of different decarbonisation strategies for the Nordic transport to better understand the sustainability of different pathways. By developing and applying tools that integrate the decarbonisation potential and impact on emissions of air pollution of different measures in the transport sector, we aim to inform smarter Nordic transport and energy policy. More specifically, we aim to inform Nordic policy makers as well as Nordic energy system analysts and about the potential importance of addressing air pollutants in climate policies and assessments in addition to GHG emissions. The assessment in this study provides an example of how it can be done (focusing on Sweden, Norway, and Denmark) and illustrates some initial assessments.