Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, 2023

With the continuous acceleration of urbanization, people are inevitably exposed to high levels of environmental pollution, especially air pollution and noise pollution. More than 90% of the global population is exposed to air pollution, and more than 100 million European residents are exposed to high levels of transportation noise. Air pollution mainly includes particles suspended in the air and toxic gases. In this thesis, particulate matters were grouped by size: PM2.5 (diameter ≤2.5μm) and PM10 (diameter ≤10μm). Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are a family of the most common toxic gases, which are mainly produced during the incomplete combustion process of the engine. These suspended particles and gases may be inhaled into the body and cause negative health outcomes. Railway, road traffic, and aircraft are the major sources of urban transportation noise. These transportation noises may also increase the stress response in the human body and result in health issues. However, the impact of long-term exposure to environmental pollution on mental health among older adults remains unclear. This doctoral thesis examined long-term exposure to air pollution in relation to cognitive function and depression among older adults, as well as the effects of transportation noise on cognitive decline and impairment.