Diss. Malmö : World Maritime University, 2025

Global warming severely affects the Arctic region, including ice coverage and thickness. In contrast, it allows unprecedented navigation opportunities for more extended periods each year, attracting maritime stakeholders because of the potential distance reduction compared to shipping corridor routes. However, mitigating Arctic navigation hazards requires safety investments, especially from shipowners and Arctic coastal states. When allocating limited resources to safety, decision-makers should efficiently prioritize their investments. This research aims to determine how to optimize shipping companies and Arctic coastal states' safety investments. It begins with a comprehensive analysis of safety investments and safety economic benefits in Arctic shipping. Then, an extensive literature allows to identify and classify investments and benefits. The prioritization of safety investments is based on a multi-attribute decision-making methodology, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). Subsequently, this research applies the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to assess the safety input-output efficiency for shipping companies and Arctic coastal states. It measures the efficiency of safety investment in terms of economic benefits contributed and helps managers optimize resource allocation.