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Advancements in alternative fuels towards sustainable engine combustion

By: Series: Aalto University publication series. Doctoral theses ; 52/2025Publication details: Helsingfors : Aalto University. Department of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, 2025Description: 84 sISBN:
  • 9789526424422
Subject(s): Online resources: Notes: Härtill 4 uppsatser Dissertation note: Diss. (sammanfattning) Helsingfors : Aalto-universitetet, 2025 Summary: This doctoral dissertation focuses on the spray characteristics and engine performance of the alternative fuels for heavy-duty engine application. Alternative fuels like HVO, ethanol, methanol, and ammonia are experimentally tested using optical diagnostics of the spray characterization and compared with conventional EN590 diesel and gasoline. Firstly, spray investigations are conducted in an optical spray chamber using high-speed imaging techniques. The spray characteristics are defined based on the spray tip penetration, opening angle, area, and droplet sizes. The effect of chamber pressure, fuel injection pressure, and fuel heating for flash boiling is studied at real engine-like operating conditions. Secondly, ammonia and hydrogen are utilized in heavy-duty single cylinder research engine for tri-fuel (port-fuel: hydrogen-ammonia mixture, pilot-fuel: diesel) combustion. The engine experiments study the impact of varying port-fuel mixing ratio and pilot amounts on fundamental engine performance parameters. This dissertation comprises of 4 research publications. Publication 1 includes high-speed shadowgraph imaging to optically investigate the fundamental spray characteristics (i.e., spray geometry and droplet sizes) for HVO, ethanol, and EN590 Diesel at varying fuel injection pressures and chamber densities. Publication 2 and 3 aim to further reduce the carbon foot-print in the internal combustion engines and focus on testing flash boiling for improved spray formation. The effect of superheating is studied for ammonia, ethanol, methanol, and gasoline using schlieren imaging. Publication 4 finally implements hydrogen-ammonia mixture as port-fuel with diesel pilot in a single-cylinder research engine. The effect of changing port-fuel mixture ratio, varying pilot amount, and pilot timings is tested for in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate, indicated thermal efficiency, indicated mean effective pressure, ignition delay time, and other engine performance parameters.
Item type: Dissertation
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Härtill 4 uppsatser

Diss. (sammanfattning) Helsingfors : Aalto-universitetet, 2025

This doctoral dissertation focuses on the spray characteristics and engine performance of the alternative fuels for heavy-duty engine application. Alternative fuels like HVO, ethanol, methanol, and ammonia are experimentally tested using optical diagnostics of the spray characterization and compared with conventional EN590 diesel and gasoline. Firstly, spray investigations are conducted in an optical spray chamber using high-speed imaging techniques. The spray characteristics are defined based on the spray tip penetration, opening angle, area, and droplet sizes. The effect of chamber pressure, fuel injection pressure, and fuel heating for flash boiling is studied at real engine-like operating conditions. Secondly, ammonia and hydrogen are utilized in heavy-duty single cylinder research engine for tri-fuel (port-fuel: hydrogen-ammonia mixture, pilot-fuel: diesel) combustion. The engine experiments study the impact of varying port-fuel mixing ratio and pilot amounts on fundamental engine performance parameters. This dissertation comprises of 4 research publications. Publication 1 includes high-speed shadowgraph imaging to optically investigate the fundamental spray characteristics (i.e., spray geometry and droplet sizes) for HVO, ethanol, and EN590 Diesel at varying fuel injection pressures and chamber densities. Publication 2 and 3 aim to further reduce the carbon foot-print in the internal combustion engines and focus on testing flash boiling for improved spray formation. The effect of superheating is studied for ammonia, ethanol, methanol, and gasoline using schlieren imaging. Publication 4 finally implements hydrogen-ammonia mixture as port-fuel with diesel pilot in a single-cylinder research engine. The effect of changing port-fuel mixture ratio, varying pilot amount, and pilot timings is tested for in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate, indicated thermal efficiency, indicated mean effective pressure, ignition delay time, and other engine performance parameters.