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Diss. Malmö : World Maritime University, 2025

The research journey described in this thesis carefully explores immediate and medium-term strategies to reduce GHG emissions in maritime shipping, aligning with IMO’s GHG Strategy. It begins by examining LNG as a cleaner fuel, thoroughly analyzing its combustion characteristics and onboard emissions. It also investigates hydrogen enrichment in LNG as a practical solution, conducting targeted laboratory experiments to address real-world implementation challenges. A pivotal aspect of the research lies in the comprehensive analysis of engine performance and emissions throughout the life cycle of hydrogen-enriched LNG. By conducting real-world engine testing across various engine loads and hydrogen fractions, the study seeks to glean valuable insights into the operational feasibility and environmental implications of utilizing hydrogen-LNG fuel blends in maritime propulsion systems. This empirical approach allows for a nuanced understanding of the practical implications of transitioning to hydrogen-enriched LNG. Moreover, the study culminates in a holistic assessment that integrates experimental data with comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA). By considering both environmental and economic factors, including cost-benefit analyses and economic modelling, stakeholders are empowered to make well-informed decisions regarding the adoption of hydrogen-enriched LNG as a transitional fuel. This integrated approach underscores the environmental and economic benefits of hydrogen-enriched LNG, positioning it as a promising solution for sustainable maritime transportation systems in the transition towards a greener future. This study not only sheds light on the potential of hydrogen-enriched fuels but also underscores the importance of transitional solutions in the journey towards GHG reduction. As the maritime industry navigates the waters of sustainability, these findings serve as guidance towards a cleaner, greener future for shipping. The study’s comprehensive analysis reveals hydrogen-enriched LNG as a scientifically validated and sustainable modality for reducing GHG emissions, offering valuable insights for mid-term strategy development in maritime GHG reduction efforts.