The transition to a fossil-free vehicle fleet in Sweden, the EU, and globally presents many challenges and uncertainties. The development of batteries is crucial for the contribution of electrification. The performance of batteries and the availability of raw materials required for their production pose a potential challenge to ensuring that the electrification of the transport sector progresses at a sufficient pace. One of the most critical factors for the adoption of electric vehicles is how the cost of batteries will develop. Other challenges include how the vehicles will be charged and the load on the power grid. For heavy vehicles, the challenges are even larger as they are significantly heavier and often travel long distances and require high power charging. The expected development of batteries in terms of performance and costs will greatly influence the profitability of investing in electric road systems (ERS). Depending on these factors, ERS could be an alternative to stationary charging, especially for heavy vehicles. A critical question in understanding the potential profitability of ERS compared to stationary charging revolves around how battery capacity and costs will develop and the pace of this development. This report explores how and to what extent the expected battery development will affect the potential and demand for electric road systems.